"Right to Health as a Fundamental Aspect of the Right to Life: An Analysis Under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution"

Explain the right to health as an integral part of the right to life under Article 21 of Indian Constitution. Introduction Health is a fundamental human right and a cornerstone of a life lived with dignity. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” In India, while the Constitution does not explicitly recognize health as a fundamental right, Article 21 has been judicially interpreted to include health-related rights. This interpretation has provided the basis for demanding government accountability, strengthening public healthcare systems, and addressing systemic inequities in healthcare access. The interplay between Article 21 and Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) , such as Articles 39(e), 41, and 47 , further reinforces the constitutional obligation to ensure public health as a critical component of the welfare state. Right to Health unde...